The Pure Products Of America - 1395 Words

Anna Baldwin Dr. Shaheen Literary Analysis The pure products of America What is the American Dream? In the poem, To Elsie, William Carlos Williams asks us the many questions lurking beneath the pavement of our perception behind the American dream: what are the ‘pure products of America’ and what is the reality of this imagined concept? Through the use of texture and form, Williams perfectly depicts with cynical aptitude the recycled degradation of society. In To Elsie, a depraved America is personified through the history and conception of a woman named Elsie. The poem begins in the muck and destitution of the lower-working class. When a woman is raped, a child named Elsie is born out of wedlock and that child grows to become a housemaid of a rich doctor’s family. Almost in cycle, she becomes the subject of prying eyes and perverse fantasies of rich men. Elsie is thus a symbol of America used and corrupted by the debauched society we live in. From the very beginning, the poem’s diction is designed as a method of psychology to detach the mind of the reader from the picture portrayed. In the introductory line, â€Å"The pure products of America†¦ go crazy—† (l.1, l.2), the mind of the reader is manipulated by use of the words ‘pure products.’ There is an emphasis of stressed R’s consonants, especially in the words ‘products’ and ‘crazy’, giving essentially a v ery raw and industrial grinding roll of the tongue. When one thinks of the word product, they areShow MoreRelatedCompany Analysis : Company Values And Vision882 Words   |  4 Pagesquality line of hypoallergenic supplements in the market. The industry leader in manufacturing excellence and quality control within their product lines. Commitment to producing the most complete line of research-based, hypoallergenic, nutritional supplements. Pioneer in the production of research-based and clinically relevant formulas. Business Market Region(s) Pure Encapsulations was acquired by Atrium Innovations in 2004. Atrium Innovations is headquartered in Montreal, Canada and has offices andRead MoreProgessives and The Pure Food and Drug Act Essay862 Words   |  4 Pagescentury America entered a new age that many historians call the Progressive Era. During this time period, the American Political system changed its view on how America should be brought about. It provided a purification of the American government through direct democracy. This era included many social and political reforms, which were brought about due to monopolies, and trust corporations. One the key pieces of legislation that was a prime example of the progressive era, was the Pure Food andRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Nestle725 Words   |  3 PagesStrengths Supreme examination and advance competence. Very strong geographic incidence. One of the best geographically spread revenue sources. Unrivaled product and brand portfolio Environmental sustainability efforts. Ownership of some of the most recognizable brands in the world. Nestle has been repeatedly recognized as the worlds largest company providing bottled water and have set up facilities to work on water resources ethically. Weaknesses Criticism over high water usage, selling contaminatedRead MoreShea Butters African Origins1719 Words   |  7 Pages2007). With a such a need for a natural product within the African America communities, the Shea Butter Beauty product can grow to be a respectable brand, that offers natural ingredients, healthier skin, competitive price and customer satisfaction. Analysis also revealed that shea butter exports from Africa have increased since the 1990s (Elias Garney 2007), because of the high demands cosmetic use and as ingredient for natural skin in Europe and North America. Also because of the poor tree productivityRead MoreWilliam Carlos Williams s The Twentieth Century833 Words   |  4 Pagesnation, a new culture was rising in America: a culture that both afforded comfort and thrived on capitalism. There were many critics of this new America, including poets Ezra Pound and William Carlos Williams. The aforementioned poets reflected on a fast changing America through exploitation. As an American, Poet William Carlos Williams believed that the twentieth century culture in America was at a decline. With modern inventions and the growth of a capitalist America, suburbanites and rural AmericansRead MoreTo Elsie by William Carlos Williams1008 Words   |  5 Pagestone and imagery Williams tells of a self-alienating America that has lost perspective of its most treasured ideology, the American Dream, due to its violent and unstable tradition. Williams tone is a key component to understanding the message that he wishes to convey to the reader. In the first stanzas of the poem Williams diction is often general and seemingly flaccid as he tries to articulate his understanding of the pure products of America go[ing] crazy (Williams 1-2). Using phrases suchRead MoreEssay about Chile1177 Words   |  5 PagesChile The country of Chile is located in western South America. The conditions vary with the mountains, deserts, and beaches. Climate The climate is one condition that may vary within different regions. The country extends a long distance from north to south. There is a lack of rainfall to the north. there the air is able to hold much of the moisture. Middle Chile has hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters. The temperatures arent often extreme. The warmest month, January, averagesRead MoreEthnocentrism : The World s Leading Super Power1067 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber one. As the world’s leading super power we have become full of our self and almost to the point of narcissism. All over the world people flock to our shores on the basis of land of the free and home of the brave. Because of these qualities America has a sense of ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism comes from the Greek word â€Å"ethnos† meaning people and â€Å"centrism† meaning center. The word literally means self-centeredness’ which makes indivualas feel that there way or view point are supiror than othersRead MorePhysical Good Difference from Pure Service1089 Words   |  5 PagesProduct in marketing term has 2 combination tangible and intangible products. Product maybe a physical goods or service or combined of both. Product can be 100 percent emphasis on physical goods- cars, golf club, soft drink- to 100 percent emphasis on service- internet service provider, postal service. But we will call all of this as product. Good is physical thing, it can be seen and touched. You can try on fur coat or eat pat thai in street shop. A good is tangible. When you buy it, you ownRead MoreGovernment Regulation1301 Words   |  6 Pagesmonitor prices and products to make sure society and consumers are not taken advantage of. Regulation has been put into place to inhibit growth of monopoly by making restraint of trade illegal and by imposing the possible threat of felony charges with the intent to conspire. Industrial regulation places limits on the prices and rates firms can charge within a selected industry. These regulations attempt to produce or avoid outcomes which may or may not otherwise occur. Pure monopolies/monopolies

Develop - 1294 Words

Name: Tutor: Task: Date: Developmental psychology Infancy and Childhood Physical development During early childhood stage, infants begin to drop their roundish baby like display. Their bones grow more proportionate with the lengthening of their legs and arms. They start to obtain fine motor skills. The newfound skills enable them to grip a pencil in a more functional way. This is a good time to provide them with puzzles and blocks, as well as to supervise them while they use paper and scissors as objects (Stern 245). Although it is normal for boys than girls to be more physically active, they will acquire more control over their motor skills allowing for the advancement of new activities such as swinging, jumping, running, and†¦show more content†¦Kohlberg’s theory is concentrated on ethical thought, yet we ask ourselves does moral reasoning lead to moral actions? It is to my belief that being caring, having compassion the use of personal feelings perform an influential part in the decisions we make using moral reasoning. Early/Middle Adulthood Parenting styles have an effect of the early adulthood stage in terms of physical, cognitive and emotional development. For instance, cognitively, the authoritarian style grooms children obedient but their social happiness is impacted upon. Permissive parents demand less from their children. The resulting adults are less happy and have problems with authority. Authoritative style expects conformity to rules and regulation. In turn, the resulting adults are happy, capable and successful. Uninvolved parenting style has few demands on children and they grow up carefree and not responsible adults. Emotionally, an individual learns to initiate intimate relationships that could be friendships and love. Developing intimacy depends on a successful progression through the other earlier stages especially the trust or a sense of identity. Failure to adopt this identity initiates isolation, detachment, a fear of engagement, and the incapacity to depend on others. The intimacy begins in later adolescence and is characterized by the teens ability to sustain a relationship in which self-fulfilment is tied with a surging urge to satisfyShow MoreRelatedDevelop Teams Individuals956 Words   |  4 PagesDevelop Team and Individuals Assessment #1 Developing a Training Needs Analysis Plan for a Workplace Team Team Purpose and Goals: To improve customer services skills making the everyday running of Dominos Pizza more financially successful, in order for us to do we must first look at what is valued in terms of customer service. †¢ Form - the product looks attractive to both prospective and repeat customers. †¢ Time - the product is available when the customer wants it. †¢ Possession -Read MoreDevelop MPI Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿First, in today’s global economy, many companies are vying for a presence in the global markets. There are several ways to gain entry into a foreign market but many questions must be answered first to make sure there is a return on investment or an exit strategy. In the Foley Company case, Joanne has to determine what are her Company strategies advantages and disadvantages of entering Brazilian market for soybeans harvesters: First, she has to determine whether the Company is considering a standaloneRead MoreMarketing to Develop a Country1275 Words   |  6 PagesJapan is America’s fourth largest buyer of products. One thing that is very noticeable of the Japanese people is their love for technology, culture, and nice things. In terms of a new business, Japan would be the ideal place I would look into if a small business were extending across the waters. In terms of what will be sold, I would look into selling vehicle parts to mechanics and car fanatics such as turbos, struts, rims, car designs, decals, engines, etc. Japanese are some of the biggest namesRead MoreDevelop an Ethics Program2151 Words   |  9 PagesObjective 310.2.3-08: Develop an ethics program for a company. Created Company Name: Blue Moose Management Consultants Welcome to our team. We are dedicated to providing our employees a pleasant work atmosphere helps to ensure excellent customer service and protection to our clients through Blue Moose Management Consultants (BMMC) You have been selected from a pool of other candidates because we believe you have the right attitude for success.   In addition, we feel you will add value to ourRead MoreDevelop a Marketing Plan3175 Words   |  13 PagesCENTRE’S Vision Statement Bounce Fitness is committed to an expanding role as a premiere provider of wellness integrated services. Through the evolvement of an empowered employee culture and the creative acquisition and use of resources, we will develop and implement comprehensive programs and services appealing to all. BOUNCE FITNESS CENTRE’S STRATEGY * Bounce Fitness will open a new Fitness Centre in Perth within two (2) years. * Existing Bounce Fitness Centres will continue to showRead MoreHow to Develop a Plot1784 Words   |  8 PagesHow To Create A Plot Outline Ill describe each of the eight elements in turn. If you already have an idea for a novel youre working on, open your file or get a pad of paper or your writers notebook. As you read through the rest of this page, jot down ideas for how each element might work in your story. At the end, Ill show you how to use your choices to create a brief, well-rounded plot outline for your novel. If you dont have an idea for a novel yet, just grab one from your imaginationRead MoreDevelop A Change Management Plan1130 Words   |  5 PagesAssessment task 2 Develop a change management plan: Change characteristics will include: The scope of the change: The change project will be focusing on involving all the current business stakeholders to participate in any of the business project and get their full commitment. Number of people to be impacted: Impacted people will be 30. Whether they are being impacted the same, or experiencing the change differently: they will experience the change differently as all the required business participantsRead MoreHow Do Children Develop?1195 Words   |  5 PagesHow do children develop? Development in children is a fragile process with many different influences. Most children develop normally without any issues, however 1 in 60 children suffer from Autism Spectrum Disorder throughout their lives (â€Å"Facts About Autism† n.d.). In fact the number of children who suffer from the Autistic Spectrum Disorder has grown over the last decade (â€Å"Facts About Autism† n.d.). Autism is a brain disorder that usually shows up in childhood and carries on throughout adulthoodRead MoreHdti : Develop Team and Individual1642 Words   |  7 PagesHDTI: DEVELOP TEAMS AND INDIVIDUALS TASK 1: DETERMINE DEVELOPMENT NEEDS 1) LEGISLATION a. What is the name of this body? The name of the Commonwealth Government body that administers the national antidiscrimination legislation is the Australian Human Rights Commission b. List the titles of the different legislation, including the year that governs antidiscrimination for the Commonwealth or Federal Government. The different legislations that govern anti-discrimination are the following: AgeRead MoreWhat Risks Develop Diabetes?615 Words   |  3 PagesUsually obesity cause type 2 diabetes because they start to build up resistance to insulin. The symptoms of type 1 diabetes are polydipsia, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Type 1 diabetes affects weight and usually people affected are thin. They also develop a blurred vision and often are extremely tired. The symptoms of type 2 diabetes appear gradually and are vaguer than those associated with type 1 diabetes (Diffen, 2014). Symptoms include fatigue, feeling ill, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and

Photography Copyright for Designs and Patents Act- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePhotography Copyright for Designs and Patents Act. Answer: Copyrights in photography In the artist world, photography is a genre in the art that is very popular in terms of origination and distribution speed. Mainly, the reason behind its popularity is the creation of photographs in the sense that one just requires a camera to capture a photo. Distribution speed has been enhanced by the internet in that when photographs get to the internet they can spread like wildfire depending on how they appeal to the viewers or how they are perceived to mean. When this stage is reached, the question of who actually owns the photography comes in in relation to the copyrights in the photography world. This paper seeks to look into the matter of right ownership, personal view and support. The arguments will be done in relation to the British photographer David Slaters case. According toUK Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988, the copyright owner is the person who created it. However, the argument is on whether Slater created the photography, which has been argued against, or whether the monkeys created them (Dodgson 2017). Other aspects that could be affecting the case is the intention of use for example as argued in the case of perfect 10 vs Google, it was argued that infringement cannot be sustained in place of distribution of knowledge to the many who access google. The other aspect of the argument is on which form the selfies have been used, whether in the original form or whether altered and the extent of the alteration if any. According to Murabayashi (2017), iin the case of Nussenzweig v DiCorcia, the extent to which the alteration has been done has separated the new photography from the original ones. In this case, the original photos were used. I would take the side of Slater being awarded the copyright since he is the one who acted in a way that enhanced the capturing of these photos. Animals are not classified as human and according to the copyrights law, only human being can own copyrights (Guadamuz 2016). The argument of monkeys owning this copyright is therefore void. A leaf can also be borrowed from the computer-generated works copyrights in which, the copyright owner is the person who enhances through an arrangement the derivation of the outcome which in most cases is the creator of the programme. In the case of Google, the infringement can be suppressed for the interest of the many. Denying slater this right can lead to the discouragement of experimenting and also lead to denial of knowledge which can be caused by the owners hiding their work from the public. In this sense, slater should be compensated for his efforts to take risks of experimenting and also encouraged to release his experimental outcome for the good of the whole public knowledge. In conclusion, PETA has no case since, even if the monkeys took the selfies that did not change them to human beings or at least did not change their classification (PETA 2017). Animals do not own copyrights and should, therefore, be out of the picture in this argument. The photos had been used in their original form which means Wikimedia had used someones work as their own which is wrong. The only defense Wikimedia can rely on is that they used the photos for the public knowledge purpose as the case of perfect 10 vs google. Bibliography Dodgson, L. (2017). A photographer's life, livelihood, and bank account are in tatters because a monkey took a selfie with his camera and is suing him for it. Available at: https://uk.businessinsider.com/david-slater-the-photographer-in-the-monkey-selfie-court-case-is-broke-2017-7 (Accessed 17 August 2017) Guadamuz, A. (2016) the monkey selfie: copyright lessons for originality in photographs and internet jurisdiction, Internet Policy Review, 5(1). doi: 10.14763/2016.1.398. PETA (2017) PETA appeals monkey selfie case on grounds that monkey owns copyright. Available at: https://www.peta.org/blog/peta-appeal-monkey-selfie-case-grounds-monkey-owns-copyright/ (Accessed: 28 August 2017). MURABAYASHI, A, (2017) 8 Legal Cases Every Photographer Should Know. Available at: https://petapixel.com/2014/10/28/8-legal-cases-every-photographer-know/(Accessed: 15 March 2018)

Thelonious Monk Essay Research Paper Thelonious Monk free essay sample

Thelonious Monk Essay, Research Paper Thelonious Monk was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina on October 10, 1917. He began playing piano when he was the age of five, in New York City, where he grew up. He started as the piano player for the Cootie Williams Orchestra, where he gained celebrity for his melody # 8220 ; Round Midnight # 8221 ; , in 1944. Thelonious Monk was portion of that little but choice group of wind instrumentalists who were responsible for the birth of a new sort of wind # 8211 ; bebop. In his teens he met Mary Lou Williams, a all right wind piano player who became a womb-to-tomb friend and a major inspiration. By the early 1940 # 8217 ; s he was playing Harlem nines like Minton # 8217 ; s and Monroe # 8217 ; s Uptown House with fellow pioneers Kenny Clarke, Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker. In the mid 40 # 8217 ; s he led groups under his ain name, worked with Coleman Hawkins, and was with the Dizzy Gillespie Orchestra for a piece ; but he did non work on a regular basis until the mid 50 # 8217 ; s when he eventually became recognized for the part he had made to the new wind and started entering some singular albums for Riverside. We will write a custom essay sample on Thelonious Monk Essay Research Paper Thelonious Monk or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1947 Blue Note record signed Monk and recorded him for a few twelvemonth. Then after small other work he recorded a record of Duke Ellington hits in 1955. This served to convey him out of the obscure, and slightly into the chief watercourse of Jazz. Then in1957, John Coltrane was kicked out of Miles Davis # 8217 ; s set, because of a terrible drug job. As a consequence, the great saxophonist Coltrane joined Monk # 8217 ; s four. Because of Coltrane # 8217 ; s presence, people rapidly began to acknowledge Monk as one of the great stars of Jazz. He signed an extended contract with Columbia records in 1962, and appeared on the screen of Time magazine in1964. He continued to tour through the remainder of the ’60’s, and he played with the â€Å"Giants of Jazz† in the early 70’s. In 1962 he began entering for Columbia. During the 60’s he led a four having Charlie Rouse on tenor, a group that recorded and toured extensively. He retired from touring and entering in the early 1970ss. His last recordings were made in Europe in November 1971 while on a ‘Giants of Jazz’ circuit for George Wein. His piano playing and his composings have oddness about them, a unusual angular shape that is non ever easy assimilated, but pays back dividends for those willing to listen. Many of his recordings are of his ain composings but his intervention of Tin Pan Alley criterions like # 8220 ; Tea for Two # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; Liza # 8221 ; , and # 8220 ; Memories of You # 8221 ; demo his alone attack to the keyboard. Monk retired all of a sudden in 1973. He suffered from some kind of mental unwellness which kept him from touring, with the exclusion of a few scarce visual aspects. He died in 1982, at the age of 65. Monk continued to turn in popularity even after his decease. He will ever be recognized as a true person in Jazz music. His ability to give a tune with his ain flair, in add-on to his funky chapeaus and dark glassess will ever be remembered. Some of Monk # 8217 ; s greatest recordings: # 8220 ; Round Midnight # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Well You Needn # 8217 ; t # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Straight, No Chaser # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Epistrophy # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Blue Monk # 8221 ;

Binge Drinking Among College Students free essay sample

Looks at the detrimental effects of binge drinking among college students. This paper explains how binge drinking adversely affects students in many different aspects such as schoolwork, health, and safety. To most people, binge drinking is a self-destructive, uncontrolled, drinking session that last for at least a couple of days. This leads the heavily intoxicated drinker to drops out by not working, ignoring responsibilities, and engaging in harmful behaviors such as fighting and unsafe sex. The editor of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol emphasizes, that binge describes the extended period of time during which time a person repeatedly becomes intoxicated and gives up his or her usual activities and obligations in order to become intoxicated. Binge drinking is most common on college campuses, where nearly half of all college students binge drink. Binge Drinking Among College Students free essay sample Joel Castaneda August 3, 2011 HSC 421 Prof. Garrido Binge Drinking Among College Students With extreme rates of binge drinking among young adults, college students continue to be a primary focus for a range of alcohol prevention efforts. The rates of binge drinking among college students is nearly double the rates for high school students, which may indicate that the college environment encourages high risk drinking. Many students view heavy drinking as a rite of passage that everyone must go through in life and be looked at as being â€Å"cool. Young adults aged 18-22 enrolled full-time in a college were more likely than their peers not enrolled full time to use alcohol, drink heavily, and binge drink (Cremeens, 1). Half of these binge drinkers who binge drink do so more than once a week. Binge drinking on college campuses has become a recognized activity to do being influences from either other college students or friends, followed by harmful effects on a student’s body eve n resulting death. We will write a custom essay sample on Binge Drinking Among College Students or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Binge drinking results from a students submission to peer pressure, the lack of outside control over the student, and the denial that drinking leads to severe consequences. Binge drinking is defined as five or more drinks in a row for men and four or more drinks in a row for women in about two hours. Many students participate in binge drinking to be socially accepted into a group, but other students find it difficult to make the choice to be the sober. Many binge drinkers realize that there is little immediate outside influence to push them away from the alcohol and they abuse their independence (Norman, 2011). Most binge drinkers do not consider themselves to be problem drinkers; which adds to the difficulty in solving this college epidemic. They associate binge drinking with a good time, but many are blind to the harm it causes, such as failing grades and unplanned sexual encounters which may lead to sexually transmitted diseases or unplanned pregnancies. Binge drinking has become an accepted part of the college experience for many students. Although there are other reasons a student may choose to binge drink, the influence of friends, the lack of outside control and the denial of drinking-related problems are the main forces driving the need to consume alcohol to the point of physical harm. The extreme denial that the alcohol can cause severe problems lies at the root of the college binge drinking crisis. Once students have an established binge drinking habit, they do not want to believe that something that helps them forget their responsibilities could be harmful. In many situations, binge drinking goes undetected because people believe if their friends are engaging in the same drinking habits, they must be acceptable. Women who regularly compare their drinking to mens drinking are more likely to underestimate the severity of their drinking. When young girls start drinking at such an early age, their brain starts developing and it interferes with their brain activation. This can become a problem because it might have negative impacts on concentration and can cause problems when driving, playing sports involving complex moves, using a map or remembering how to get somewhere. Since this has become such a problem on college campuses, many universities have implemented a variety of programs as a means to reduce heavy drinking to try and reduce the misperceptions of college drinking of students. The theory of Planned Behavior is utilized as a framework for predicting binge drinking among young college students. According to the TPB, the cause of this behavior is due to the individual’s intention to engage in the behavior which is determined by three constructs. First, is the individual’s attitude towards the behavior. Second is the individual’s perception of the social pressure from important others to perform or not perform the behavior. Third is the individual’s perception of the ease or difficulty of performing the behavior, which is seen to cover the influence of both internal and external control factors (Norman, P. Conner, M. , 26). Constructs that make up the Theory of Planned Behavior are attitude toward the behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, and behavior. The Health Belied Model is another theoretical foundation for researching binge drinking. This model is a value-expectancy theory, meaning everyone has the desire to avoid an illness or get well and the belief that a specific behavior will prevent the illness from occurring. In relation to this study, a parent wants their child to avoid heavy drinking during their college years, and the belief that a parent has some influence on their child behavior to prevent heavy drinking (Cremeens, 3). Constructs that make up the Health Belief Model are perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action. As a model of health behavior, the Transtheoretical Model potentially offers a mechanism to identify and describe processes that are purported to motivate, prepare and assist individuals in realizing behavior change. This model has also had a significant impact on the way the substance use disorders are understood and treated. It has also examined the extent to which the TTM stage paradigm offers an apt description of individuals with substance use problems, and their readiness to change their substance use problems, and their readiness to change their substance user behavior (Migneault, Adams, Read, 438). Constructs that make up the Transtheoretical Model are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Using the Transtheoretical Model, heavy drinkers might be asked if they are planning to reduce their drinking to a smaller amount within the next six months. Based on their responses they would be assigned to precontemplation, contemplation or preparation stages to see if they do have intent to change their behavior. This model is usually used for behaviors that can be changed in the long run and not immediately. In the other hand the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior is used for shorter amount of time. Along with, the Health belief Model is used as a framework to explore parent-child communication patterns among first-year college students as a mean of reducing heavy drinking (Cremeens, 4). Parents try to talk to their children and let them know what they might expect in college and be aware of the dangers behind it. For example, reminding them of a family member or a good friend of their dying in a car accident due to drunk driving. This will usually help students realize that driving while under the influence is not a fun thing to do. Compared to the other two models, the Theory of Planned Behavior is the only one that deals with the individual’s intention to engage in the behavior. Using the other two, someone else has to influence a person to stop drinking. The individual’s attitude is important, they know that drinking is bad for them so they want to stop drinking and stay sober or at least not drink as much. All three of the models have to do with the attitude being the strongest predictor of binge drinking intentions by not caring about what harm they can cause to their bodies when they drink. Lastly, models and theories discuss that excessive drinking for a long period of time, causes higher levels of temptation to drink and lower levels of confidence to stop drinking. Binge drinking is common and dangerous but is not a well-organized public health program. There are some recommendations that can be done to try and lower the number the number of young adults that perform this behavior. The U. S. Government can promote programs and policies that work to prevent binge drinking. They can also provide states and communities with information and tools to put into practice prevention strategies that work. Along with, they can evaluate programs and policy effectiveness that are already in place and track trends in binge drinking. States can review interventions that are known to work to reduce binge drinking adopted by local leaders. The state can also reduce alcohol marketing to the youth. Most importantly, they can grow partnerships between schools, community organizations, law enforcement, and public health agencies to reduce binge drinking. Furthermore, doctors, nurses, and other providers can choose not to binge drink themselves. They can screen patients for binge drinking and use behavioral counseling to reduce problem drinking. Lastly, they can support community efforts to reduce binge drinking by passing out flyers explaining the dangers and results of drinking. All people can choose not to binge drink themselves and help others not to do it. Not drinking and driving and if you plan on drinking take a sober designated driver. Choose not to drink if they teens, pregnant, or may become pregnant. Talking with a health care provider about their drinking behavior and requesting counseling if they drink too much can be recommended. Lastly, people can participate in community efforts to prevent underage and binge drinking (CDC, 2010). Deciding what role alcohol will play is a choice that every student must make. Having friends who drink, a lack of control from outside sources and the denial of the consequences of binging are not excuses for drinking excessively. Drinking with friends can seem more tempting than studying, feeling stressed out, bored or lonely, but as many students find out, the consequences are not worth the short-term relief. In reality, the emotional regret of an unplanned sexual encounter or failing grades outweighs any temporary negative feelings. Drinking as a result of any of these causes demonstrates a weakness in character and the inability to make educated decisions. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2010). Binge drinking: what can be done? Atlanta, GA: Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/vitalsigns/BingeDrinking/WhatCanBeDone. html Cremeens, J. L. , Usdan, S. L. , Brock-Martin, A. , Martin, R. J. , Watkins, K. (2008). PARENT-CHILD COMMUNICATION TO REDUCE HEAVY ALCOHOL USE AMONG FIRST-YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS. College Student Journal, 42(1), 152-163. Migneault, J. P. , Adams, T. B. , Read, J. P. (2005). Application of the transtheoretical model to substance abuse: historical development and future directions. Drug and Alcohol Review, doi: 10. 1080/09595230500290866 Norman, P. (2011). The theory of planned behavior and binge drinking among undergraduate students: Assessing the impact of habit strength. Addictive Behaviors, 36(5), 502-507. doi:10. 1016/j. addbeh. 2011. 01. 025 Norman, P. , Conner, M. (2006). The theory of planned behavior and binge drinking: assesing the moderating role of past behavior withing the theory of planned behavior. British Journal of Health Psychology, (11), doi: 10. 1348/135910705X43741

Primary Contents of the Draft Law on Property Rights

Primary Contents of the Draft Law on Property Rights Free Online Research Papers Primary Contents of the Draft Law on Property Rights The draft law on property rights, with 5 chapters and 268 items, defines and safeguards all the property rights related to every citizen’s fundamental rights. The first chapter is General Principal, with 44 items. It defines that the property rights is the ownership, usufruct, and security interest for the real and movables properties. Property owners shall be given reasonable compensation when their properties are taken over for public use. Those who refuse to make the compensation will bear legal responsibilities; Real estate should enregister in the local institution, otherwise it is not property right. The enregister fee will be decided by State Council, and the local institution should not charge fees based on the acreage, price and cubage of the real estate. The second chapter is Ownership, with 78 items. It defines the state-owned, collective and private ownership respectively, and the law protects all these three kinds of ownership. The administrative staff in state-owned enterprises shall bear the civil, administrative or even criminal liabilities if they transfer the ownership of the public property by buying stocks or selling companies at low prices, which lead to the public assets loss. Private saving, investment and benefits are protected by the law, and so is the heirdom of private property. It also defines that building is owned by the resident, the ownership of parking lots, grassland and clubs in resident community should be shared by the residents, rather than the real estate developers. The meeting of all the residents has the right to change the estate management company if they are not satisfied with the service provided by the company. If the real estate developers want to change the house into the building for business use, it must be agreed by all the residents. All the residents in a resident community have the rights to stop invasion and ask for compensation. According to the draft law, if a house-owner fits up his house, the fitment should not affect the neighbours. If somebody pick up something lost by other people, he should inform the owner or submit to related bureaus within 20 days, and the owner should pay the safekeeping fee, and should pay the rewards according to his promise. The third chapter is Usufruct, with 69 items. According to the draft law, Usufruct includes the Contract for the managerial right of the Land, the Use of the constructive land, the Use of curtilage and Resident right. People who contracts the land can transfer the land to the third people. Anyone is not permitted to defalcate and impropriate the compensation fund for expropriating the land. When the use of the constructive land expire, people should apply for extending the time limit in advance of one year before the expiration; One rural family only has one curtilage, and can transfer to other rural people, but cannot change the use of curtilage. The urban citizen is not allowed to buy the land saved for farmers’ use so as to safeguard farmers’ fundmental property rights; People who live in other’s house can apply for the resident right, and he need not pay for the usage fee and great maintain fees except for the estate management fees, he has no right to rent the house according to the draft law. The fourth chapter is Security Interest, with 67 items. It mainly includes the hypothec, pawnage and lien right. Some institutional units aiming to the public benefit, such as hospitals, schools and kindergartens are not permitted to be hypothecated. The pawnage right includes the pawnage of movables and rights. The rights that can be impawned are: ? Bill of exchange, cheque, and cashier’s cheque; ? Bonds and certificate of deposits; ? Bills of depot and lading; ? Transferrable stock rights; ? Transferrable appropriative right of registered trade mark, patent right, copyright and other intellectual rights; ? The rights of charge on road, telecom network and others; ? Other property rights regulated by the law. The fifth chapter is Possession, with 10 items. Possession is defined as the actural control on the real estate and movabless. Research Papers on Primary Contents of the Draft Law on Property RightsUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresPETSTEL analysis of IndiaTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paper

Development of career management for individuals and organisations in Essay

Development of career management for individuals and organisations in recent years - Essay Example They have long believed that if personalities turn into real professionals, there would be a great amount of work effectiveness and efficiency within the related ranks, and thus the symbiotic effect would be in the form of bringing about wellness amongst the employee’s own domains as well as within the organizational realms (Jay 2005). Since organizations require that their employees remain on the quest to achieve more and more within their professional undertakings, the need is sought to find a way or two which shall inculcate values of trust and empathy for the employees to move ahead with the times yet keep the organization that they are working for abreast of the changes happening on the global front. In essence, career management for individuals and organizations in recent years has only become better as times have changed (Maddock 1999). The organizations have long understood that they need to hire those individuals who are well-equipped from all sides and who take care of the issues which engulf the organizations from a number of angles and perspectives. The case of the employees (individuals) is no different. The individuals have understood that they would have to spend around 2-3 years within an organization before they can think of moving ahead and finding new opportunities for their own selves to grow. This was not the case in the past as much emphasis was laid on the fact that employees would at least have to spend 5 years in an organization before they would mature and move on to find greener pastures. The trend has changed and now the organizations look at individuals who have more experience in terms of doing different jobs while managing their work routines effectively and more productively. This trend has changed because organizations have taken on a very practical understanding within their folds. The 21st century has seen new changes and innovations within the thinking patterns of the people who matter the most within these organizatio nal domains – the top management, which has a clear cut task of deciding how things get done and how new processes would be shaped up in the coming times. What is most important is a rational related with the opportunity to understand how one must manage a career and what an individual must do to make sure that he meets the criteria of selecting the right job for his own self, when the right time comes by (Hopson & Scally 1999). A good amount of individuals lose out on this front due to a number of reasons but it is the chosen few which tap the market and thus conduct their own selves within the best interests of their own selves as well as the organizations that they get to work for in essence. Moving further ahead, we see that career management has been given due significance by those individuals who believe in the premise of shifting careers on a regular yet maintained basis. They look forward to moving ahead with the changing times without looking back to criticize what h as happened in the past. They are always looking to make amends whilst learning from the past. These individuals are dependent on how their careers get shaped up and what they can learn from career management in essence in the long run (Marshall 1995). It goes without mentioning that career management is rightly judged as a very important element of discussion within the human resources management domains and the organizational quarters discuss such aspects before deciding whom to recruit and whom to reject. It is because of such factors that

Guillain-Barr Syndrome Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Guillain-Barr Syndrome - Article Example In his research, acute pharyngeal-cervical-brachial type of GBS, masquerading brainstem stroke in a child, Syed (2012) seeks to analyze the symptoms of a child who is admitted in the hospital with difficulty feeding and left arm weakness after gastroenteritis case. In the case report, the child had normal milestones and compromised respiratory system muscles. Even after symptomatic treatment, the lower motor neuron paralysis and the poor pharyngeal response persisted leading to assisted feeds through gastric tubes. Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin reversed the condition and follow-up done. After one month, the child could feed and exhibit good motor response. Such research is a level one research. There is minimal build up, and initial research done to solidify the consistency of the findings. Additionally, there is formation of hypotheses that are subject to more rigorous testing in level two research. Despite utilizing a single case study, the research findings have a m oderate degree of reliability. The researcher was rigorous in analysis of the management of the client from admission to discharge and follow-up. He analyses the information without leaving any questionable gaps. The research findings are hence reliable (Syed, 2012). The second-research article seeks to experiment and establish the various subtypes of GBS among children. The researchers had a core objective of digging out the clinical and electrophysiological patterns of GNS among children with utility of cerebrospinal fluid and nerves motor response. The research was a prospective study. The researchers did collect pertinent information from clients with GBS diagnosis for a period of 7 years. 108 patients were in use during the research. The sample population did consist of both genders. The findings did indicate that the peak age for the condition establishment the sample population was 3 to 6.5 years. Infants also did possess he

Philosophy- Philosophy and Psychiatry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Philosophy- Philosophy and Psychiatry - Essay Example Not every suicidal patient survives, even when a psychiatrist does everything in their power. If a patient wants to die, they will find a way. When a person commits suicide, the word means more than just one killing oneself. When suicide: as self-killing was viewed as an act, language only had verbs and verbal nouns with which to name it. Absent the word suicide, people viewed the self-killer as a moral agent, responsible for his deed. By contrast, we now think of suicide as a happening or result, attribute it to mental illness, and view the agents as a victim (patient).1 breaking the spirit of their profession. Psychiatrists are supposed to help suicidal patients. It is true not all patients can be helped, but a doctor, even psychiatrists, are supposed to do no harm. Assisted suicide does more harm than good. The psychiatrist in effect gives up on the patient. Psychological pain cannot be determined with an hundred percent accuracy by anyone other than the patient. It is a psychiatrist job to work with mentally ill people, but they can only see the symptoms, not the actual problem. This is why a psychiatrist should never assist in suicide. The condition under which doctors, and only doctors, may practice euthanasia: the decision to die must be the voluntary and considered decision of an informed patient; there must be physical or mental suffering which the suffer finds unbearable; there is no other reasonable (i.e. acceptable to the patient) solution to improve the situation; the doctor must consult another senior professional.3 In terminally ill patients, a doctor can judge a patients pain and disease. For example, an inoperable cancer spread through out the body can be judged through tests. Doctors can predict how long a patient has to live by studying the proof of the bodys failing, like tumors and other tissue samples. The brain can still be a mystery at times. CAT scans can

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for MIB

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for MIB SNMP Abstract: SNMP or Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol that provides the exchange of management information between network devices. SNMP is a part of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite. Through this research the emergency of network management will be managed for fire alarm, power off. Managing devices such as computers is vital and tracking for its safe and emergency issues will assist in many aspects such as identifying location, solving communication issues etc. In this research we will propose a SMNP based solution for effectively managing computer devices. In this research we will propose a MIB [Management Information Base] using ASN1.0 specification and also proposing a prototype on the implementation. Then based on our proposed prpotype we will evaluate. ASN for the proposed MIB has been designed as part of this research but it could not be implemented with real time implementation due to lack of resource for SNMP based developemnt. Aim: Propose a solution for SNMP based Emergency management for an organization Objectives: Research on network management using SNMP. Proposing an MIB Tree for the emergency network management Critically evaluating the proposed solution for SNMP based emergency network management. Introduction Network management is managing and maintaining different components and its functioning in a network. Network should be managed in an efficient way for avoiding different attacks. Several protocols are used for managing network. Management plays a vital role for monitoring the state of the network and analyses the performance. Among such protocols Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is one which is used for monitoring the network. The main purpose of this protocol is designed for maintaining devices in network in internet protocols (IP). The network management performance can be used for transporting network information and its elements functioning (Stephen F. Bush and Amit B Kulkarni, 2001). SNMP in networks provides reliable and integrated network management. Several attacks may occur in network, for analyzing networks should be managed in an efficient way. The SNMP manages the network with the usage of different commands to the network and is useful in different networks. Th ere are several architectures for SNMP which is used depending upon the network mechanisms. It performs several operations in network for managing different components in the network. For performing all these operations SNMP uses Management Information Base (MIB) for handling components in the network. In this project SNMP and its performance in network is analyzed with the help of case study approach. The emergency preparedness is important part in network management and is equal to other maintenance works. One of the problems in network is traffic (German Goldszmidt and Jurgen Schonwalder, 2003). Sometimes the flow of data is more in network which causes traffic in network. In order to avoid traffic limited number of data should be transmitted in the network. Another problem that occurs in networks is security. Sometimes intruders may involve in network which leads to loss of data, in order to avoid this SNMP protocol performs several operations. For identifying network problems w ith SNMP components in network uses Management Information Base. Manager plays major role in managing the network. SNMP emergency services are very much helpful for the managing the network. This project uses emergency management of SNMP in order to solve problems that occur in networks (Geln E. Clarke, 2005). Hence from above context it can be concluded that SNMP is one of the protocol which helps in managing the network. Several problems may occur in network like traffic and security to the data. SNMP emergency management helps in managing the networks by performing different operations. Research Problem The network management protocols identify the communication between the network management server programs that are executing on the router or host, and the network management client program invoked by the manager. Considering these factors, it can be expected that the network management protocols contains numerous commands (Douglas Comer, 2006). The major disadvantage of constructing the network management protocols is the resulting complexity because this protocol needs an individual command for every operation on the data item. The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is useful in such types of cases. SNMP makes an interesting approach to network management. In place of defining the large command set, SNMP directs all the operations in a fetch-store paradigm. SNMP makes use of only two commands which allow the manager to store values into the data item and get the value from the data item. Other operations are described as the side-effects of the two operations. The main adva ntage of using the fetch-store paradigm is simplicity, flexibility and stability. SNMP is stable as its meaning remains fixed. SNMP is also easy to understand, debug and implement as it evades the difficulties of using special cases for every command. Finally the SNMP is flexible as it can contain the arbitrary commands in a well-designed framework (Douglas Comer, 2006). Problem Context: Importance of emergency in SNMP In the present scenarios of the Simple Network Management protocol, there are numerous of conditional factors that involves in defining the perspectives of the response in emergency SNMP (Amjad Umar, 2003). The emergency response can be used as a tool guide to the proposed scheme. The situation of the emergency can be found in the several areas of the networking management. The state of emergency can be found in many context such as market demand, failure in the key resources, shortage in the areas of the supply, in the same way there is a need of the emergency can be found in the areas of the political sciences and public administration. As in the same way in this research the point to be focused on is the emergency response of the Simple Network Management Protocols (Harold F. Tipton and Micki Krause, 2004). The factor that contributes to the difficulty in the emergency are lack of flexibility in making decision, lack of available resources, lack of response in option, failure in c ommunicating and cascading the events. To overcome these whole problems in the SNMP emergency, it must have to develop the outstanding plans that can be used for giving the training on the extensive simulation of the Emergency Response. Most of the organizations get failure only because of the one reason that is managing the emergency situations (Rob Cameron, Neil R. Wyler, Trent Fausett, Kevin Fletcher, Patrick Foxhoven and Mark J. Lucas, 2007). If the emergency situations in an organization are maintained in a superior approach then it may lead to loss in the communication, information and essential data. Hence a proper management system is required for organizing the emergency situations in Simple Network Management protocol. This protocol is used to reduce the traffic when a emergency situation is occur in the network, then the preventive measures that has to be taken are recovery, preventives in the system, improving the communication scheme, performance and work on the basis o f the propriety. Research Method: Case study is one of the best methods for researchers; these are effectively used by the people to understand the contest of the study. It is less complexity and adds strength to the data which is used in the research. The steps that is followed in this case study are * Determine the theme of the research * Select the cases and analysis the techniques for gathering the data * Preparation for the collection * Collection of the data according to the field * Estimate and analyze that data * Preparation of the report This study is to manage the emergency in Simple Network Management protocol. The organization that involves in the SNMP managements standards, that provides the major introduction to the organization management. There are several conditions that have an impact on the areas like co-operation and trading (Bill Gillham, 2000). To develop the management system in the SNMP is based on the information and communication. This includes the problems, listing the questions, describing the method that involve in the research. The key features of the report includes the detail of the Simple Network Management Protocols in the management information of specific data that relates to the successes or disappointments experienced by the organizations that were conveyed during data collection and answers or comments illuminating issues directly related to the research questions (Ben Beiske, 2007). The researcher develops each issue using quotations or other details from the data that is collected, and points out the uses of data where it is applicable. The data also includes the confirming and conflicting findings from literature reviews. The report conclusion makes assertions and suggestions for further research activity, so that another may apply these techniques to another electronic community, network and its management to determine whether similar findings are particularly to in communities that belongs to the network (George L. Dunbar, 2005). Final report distribution includes all participants. Within the case study it has been analyzed at the first time whether the technique used with each non-profit organization under study. The assigned investigator studies each organizations written documentation and survey response data as a separate case to identify unique patterns within the data for the single organization. A detailed case study that is, written ups for each organizing management, categorizing interview questions and answers and examining the data for within group similarities and differences. Cross case analysis follows. Investigators examine pairs of cases, categorizing the similarities and differences in each pair (Kathleen Stassen Berger, 2004). Investigators then examine similar pairs for differences, and dissimilar pairs for similarities. As patterns begin to emerge, certain evidence that may stand out as being in conflict with the patterns. In those cases, the investigator conducts follow-up focused interviews to confirm or correct the initial data in order to tie the evidence to the findings and to state relationships in answer to the research questions. Chapters Summary: In summary, here there is a discussion about the case studies in terms of the different types of case studies which is found in the literature. The case studies are considered to be useful in research as it enable researchers to examine data at the fine level. It is an alternative to quantitative or qualitative research, case studies is a practical solution to when a big sample population is difficult to obtain. Although the case studies have a variety of advantages, so it is used for data management for having the better situations and it provide a better insights for the document in detail to which the subjects of Interest is related. Case study method has always been criticized for its lack of severity and the tendency for a researcher. It is the base for establishing reliability and generality in subjected to uncertainty when a small sampling is deployed. Some case study research is dismissed as useful only as an exploratory tool. Hence as the case study have various advantages o ver the qualitative or the quantitative researches. So it is used in this research. Summary of chapters: Chapter 2 includes the Literature review for the related research work. Chapter 3 discusses the analysis of problem requirements which is providing a solution for managing or developing emergency based system. We have used SNMP and MIB based approach to provide the design of the emergency based provision. We will be using MIB tree and ASN based design and development for this. Chapter 4 includes the development and data collection which will be obtained through SNMP Query for Firealarm and Power off. Chapter 5 covers the analysis and evaluationof results or test data, This has the effectiveness of the research and proposed solution for emergency. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Network Management Network Management is a service which employs different applications, tools and devices to assist the network managers in maintaining and monitoring networks. Hence the meaning of Network Management is different for different users. For example in certain cases the network management involves a single network advisor monitoring the network activity by utilizing an obsolete protocol analyzer. In other cases the network management involves auto polling, distributed database and high end workstations producing real time network topology traffic and changes (Network Management n.d). Architecture of Network Management Many of the network management architectures use similar set of elements, structure and relationships. The managed devices or end devices like the computer systems and network devices run the basic software which allows them in producing alerts when problems are recognized. For instance consider the exceeded user determined thresholds. The alerts received are programmed by the management entities to respond by executing one, group of actions like operator notification, system shut down, automatic attempts and event logging by system repair. Even the entities of the management can be polled for end stations to verify the values of definite variables (Network Management n.d). The polling can be user initiated or automatic but the agents of managed devices react to all polls. These agents are the software modules which first compile information regarding managed devices in which they reside. Later the information is stored in management database and is finally produced to the management entities reactively or proactively of the network management systems (NMSs) through a protocol of network management. The network management protocols include Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Figure 1 represents basic network management architecture (Network Management n.d). Sampling Techniques Network Management involves the status information of queue occupancy, latency, load and other parameters which is available from devices like switches, networking interfaces and routers. This information of the network management is accessed by the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) (Edwin A. Hernandez, Matthew C. Chidester, and Alan D. George, 2000). The Network Management Station (NMS) of the SNMP queries the agents or network devices to evaluate the status of the network links or devices periodically. The accuracy of the data measured is determined by period of sampling. A transient activity cannot be detected accurately if the sampling interval is large and a greater storage capacity is required at the NMS as small intervals consume larger bandwidths on the network. For instance, a burst of major action with few seconds is probable to be undetected with sampling interval of some minutes. To balance the accuracy with sampling several sampling techniques have been practical to the managers of network. Some of these sampling techniques are: SNMP Architecture: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the network protocol which is used in network management systems. This protocol is designed to administer the devices on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It collects the information from different network devices such as routers, servers, hubs on an internet protocol. It is used for managing complex networks. The SNMP architecture consists of different set of components such as network management system and the SNMP agent and the managed device. The managed device is also known as the network elements. It is connected to the data network. The SNMP agent collects the data from the managed device and transforms it to another format using SNMP. This agent acts as a server, switch, hub and many others. The NMS is the one of the module of the SNMP which basically executes the applications which can manage and control the managed devices like physical devices such as routers, network interfaces and software. They manage the remote monitoring of these managed components and do the sampling. Then after do the analysis of the collected information and finally gives the presentation of the information (Steven Karris T, 2004). All the devices in the architecture are referred as managed devices. The managed device in the architecture acts as an SNMP agent which facilitates the network management syst em to recover the status of managed device. All the available information of the managed devices is been addressed through management information base (MIB). There are two types of MIBs. They are scalar and tabular. The scalar object of MIBs denotes the single object instances and the tabular objects of MIBs define the multiple object instances. If the network management system recognizes which device to be managed in MIB then it changes the MIB objects with the relevant requests to the agent of SNMP. The information of MIB is loaded into the network management system with the help of MIB file. The network management system acts as the master device where as the managed device and the SNMP agent acts as a slave device. It provides security by preventing unauthorized users to gain access on the system. This security is performed with the help of community string. This string acts as the password and groups the data either to read-only or read-write areas (Thomas Porter, 2006). The ap plication server of the SNMP agent is designed to run the specific applications. The SNMP agents and the network management systems communicate each other with different set of operations such as read, write and trap. The NMS requests the SNMP agent through read operation and it sends the information through write operation. The notifications are sent from SNMP agent to NMS through trap operation. Hence from the above context it is understood that SNMP is used in many applications. It is implemented in many operating systems. The storage network of the SNMP architecture consists of switch and the hub which acts as the interface between the components. All the devices such as managed devices, MIB are connected only through storage network. Tape library contains more than one tape drives which stores bulk amount of data. It acts as a SNMP agent. The SNMP agent translates the whole information. Different SNMP versions are derived to increase the performance of the system. SNMP ahs the followings: Network Element: if any tool connects to the network then that tool can be called as network element. Some of the tools like gateways, hosts, terminal servers, servers, switches, firewalls, and active hubs. Management station: this station includes a platform which contains software in SNMP that manages and controls the network elements. SNMP agent: it is a software management agent which is responsible for executing the functions in the network management after receiving the messages from the management station. SNMP request: a message which travels from management station to SNMP agent in the network device. SNMP trap receiver: it even receives the notification messages from SNMP agent on network devices. Management information base: it is a method which identifies the elements in SNMP database. SNMP Architecture Simple Network Management Protocol is very popular not only because of its simple operation but also due to easy of usage. This protocol is very useful for manufacturers and seller as it is easy to use SNMP technology for the manufacturers while adding network management functions to their products (Kerrie Meyler, Cameron Fuller, John Joyner Andy, 2008). Components of the SNMP Architecture: The SNMP architecture mainly contains two components, managers and agents, apart from standards which are used for controlling the interactions between components. By using SNMP commands, these managers and agents communicate with each other. These commands are explained in RFC 1157. Here, the managers organize the functioning of agents. The agents provide the data to the managers by interacting with the devices like routers and computers. These devices are also known as managed devices (Ramadas Shanmugam, R. Padmini S.Nivedita, 2002). The protocol used for communication between manager and agent is referred as SNMP. Generally, the SNMP managed network consists of three components; they are (Deon Reynders Edwin Wright, 2003): * Managed devices. * Agents. * Network-management systems (NMSs). Managed devices: It is a network node which includes SNMP agent which exists in a managed network. These devices gather and store the management information. By using SNMP, managed devices enable the management information to network-management systems (NMSs). It also responsible for querying the agents by using SNMP commands. Managed devices can also be known as network elements, these can be any type of devices like routers, switches, hubs, access servers, bridges, IP telephones, printers, or computer hosts (Gilbert Held, 2003). Agent: It is a network-management software module which exists in managed devices. Agent software represents one or more program modules which operate within the managed devices like bridge, router, workstation or gateway. Each of the managed agent stores information and provides these information to the manager after receiving the request from the manager. It translates the management information into a well-suited form with SNMP (Deon Reynders Edwin Wright, 2003). Network-managed systems (NMSs): This system performs applications that examine the managed devices. It provides a large amount of memory resources for network management. In any managed network, there should one or more number of NMSs (Gilbert Held, 2003). SNMP operations SNMP reads or writes the values in applications from SNMP devices. There are four basic SNMP operations, they are Get, Get-next, Set and Trap. Get and Set are the basic operations which are mostly used for reading and writing data to a node which are identified by a specific OID. It also requests the values of one or more SNMP objects and sets the values of SNMP object. Get-next reads the content of the tables at a time and steps through MIB hierarchy. Trap is an asynchronous notification from server (agent) to client (manager) which reports the occurrence of an interesting event. It sends the information in the form of packet to SNMP (Evi Nemeth, Garth Snyder Trent R. Hein, 2006). Basic commands of SNMP Commands are explained in RFCs, there are many RFCs which relate to SNMP components. The importance of these RFCs is it describes the operation of the protocols. Generally, there exists three RFCs; they are RFC 1155, RFC 1157 and RFC 1213. RFC 1155 used for Structure of Management information (SMI), it explains about the data types and structure that should be used for managed objects. RFC 1157 is used for Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), it describes protocol and operation of SNMP. RFC 1213 is used in Management Information Base (MIB) (Philip Miller, 1997). By using four basic commands in SNMP, managed devices are monitored and controlled. They are namely read, write, trap, and travel operations (Deon Reynders Edwin Wright, 2003). Read command it is used by NMSs, in order to monitor the managed devices. NMS inspect various variables which are maintained by managed devices. Write command to control managed devices, these commands are used by NMS. The variables in the managed devices are changed by NMS. Trap command- these commands are utilized by the managed devices to asynchronously report the result to the NMS. Whenever there are certain results in the managed devices, then managed devices send rap to NMS (Deon Reynders Edwin Wright, 2003). Transversal operations- NMS make use of these operations to identify the variables which supports managed device and also collects the data in variable tables like routing table. SNMP Network Management Managing a network is very difficult task for any administrator as it deals with huge number of nodes and protocols. The best way to keep track of all the nodes that exists in a network is to identify and implement an effective protocol which can allow a user to read or write a particular piece of information. SNMP is one of the network management protocol preferred by most of the network administrators in organizations. SNMP can be available with three versions; each has enhanced features when compared with its previous versions. SNMPv3 can offer high security features while managing organizational network. A network manager in an organization has to play a key role in managing the networks. Using of SNMP for network management can be advantageous as it can solve most of the problems that exists in a network (Sebastian Abeck and Adrian Farrel, 2008). Thus, performance of network mostly depends on the network protocols used by the administrator. Network management using SNMP protocols can be identified as a request/reply process. SNMP makes use of request messages like GET and SET while managing a network. Through GET request a SNMP server can retrieve the required information from a node where as SET request can stores specific information on a node. SNMP servers mostly use GET requests in order to manage a network. SNMP implementation efficiency largely depends on these requests and replies from the nodes or servers (Dinesh Chandra Verma, 2009). A network administrator has to recognize the network details before implementing SNMP protocols. Client programs in networks can be utilized by network administrators in order to display the actual details of a network. While displaying network details a client program acts like an interface. When a user or administrator wants to access specific information, a request must be sent to the server. For sending request to particular node, a client program makes use of SNMP protocols. R equests from the users will be received by SNMP servers running on the specified node. SNMP server processes these requests and finds the information required for a user. Finally a client program will display the information based on the response received from SNMP servers. The major aspects that has to be understood in SNMP network management is, how a user can specify the information request and how a server recognizes the required information (Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie, 2007). SNMP makes use of Management Information Base (MIB) for retrieving the required information. MIB performs the function of identifying information from SNMP databases. As SNMP uses MIB, a particular syntax for the requests has to be specified. For implementing SNMP with MIBs a standard specification like ASN.1 can be used. A SNMP client agent keeps an ASN. 1 identifier in MIB, SNMP server searches the required information based on the identifier specified by the client. For managing a network SNMP makes use of various network components. Every SNMP agent will interact with MIBs and Network Management Systems while managing a network (Monique Morrow and Kateel Vijayananda, 2003). Hence from the above discussion it can be understood that, SNMP operates in client/ server mode which establishes virtual connections with the servers to provide information to the Network Management Systems (NMS). The information provided to NMS can provide the devices status at a particular time. MIB in SNMP refers to the databases controlled by SNMP agents and SNMP servers retrieve the information based on MIBs in networks. Network management through SNMP can be an effective and most used method in present organizational networking environments. Many large organizations use SNMP tools for managing their networks effectively. Why SNMP SNMP is defined as simple network management protocol. Network management system will make use of SNMP for communicating with various network objects. SNMP is mostly used for the remote management of network device. SNMP is widely used because it easy to use and user can easily add the network management functions to their new or existing products. SNMP runs on various devices like network tools, core network devices and office network tools (Ray Rankins, Paul Jensen and Paul Bertucci, 2002). SNMP allow network and system administrator to access network devices that are present in their networks such as server, routers etc. SNMP for the management of network device contains one SNMP station and management station. Management station is mainly utilized to arrange the network elements and to receive the SNMP traps from those elements. By making use of SNMP, network monitor can observe changes and alerts that are identified in the network elements. If the size of network is increased th en method called management is required. In SNMP errors obtained are varies from one agent to other agent but will include system failure, disk warning etc (Harold F. Tipton and Micki Krause, 2004). If the device passes an alert to the management station then network management itself involves in rectifying the problem. Time to time configuration request should be send to the device. If provided string is correct then automatically configuration of the device will change according to the requirement. Organizations can identify the status of all equipments and can also perform remote trouble shooting. SNMP is nothing but a protocol that is used to develop and manage nodes that are present in the network system. SNMP allows system administrator to work on the problems that are executed in the network and should plan for the growth of network. Network management service will identify the changes that are done in the network devices based SNMP (Douglas R. Mauro and Kevin James Schmidt, 2005). SNMP consists of three features; they are managed device, agents and network management system. Managed device is usually a network node. It contains SNMP agent that is located on a managed network. Management data that is gathered and stored will be available to network management system of SNMP. Managed devices can also be called as network elements. An agent is nothing but network management module software module which is present in the management device. This device has great knowledge on local management information and this information can ne transferred to SNMP. NMS usually carry out applications that can manage and control the managed device. Hence from the above discussion it is identified that SNMP is a protocol which can help in managing the networks. Why MIB Management Information Base (MIB) is an essential component for handling a network. The importance of MIB increased as it comprises data definitions for managed objects. For managing the networks through SNMP protocol, an information base is necessary. The information base must allow a user to retrieve required data. MIB provides the facility of managing databases in SNMP agents. Managed object instances stored in MIBs will be exchanged between SNMP agents and managers (Stephen B. Morris, 2003). Thus, MIB is necessary for managing the information while implementing SNMP protocol in networks. Managed objects in MIB will be specified with a unique identifier, a user has to send request regarding information by following a particular syntax. MIB in SNMP also helps in recognizing the present status of a network device. Identifying the network information in case of small networks can be done very easily as the host names and IP addresses can be available to the users directly. But in lar ge networks, a MIB

Creon and Haemon Essay

How would you direct the confrontation between Creon and Haemon in order to achieve your chosen impact for your audience? The scene of confrontation between Creon and Haemon comes when Creon has sentenced Antigone, future bride of Haemon, to be shut up in the cave. I would want to show a contrast between the characters with costume, so that the audience would get a visual representation of their emotions. I would dress Creon in an extravagant red silken robe, with gold trimmings. This would highlight his status as King, and also the red could signify a bloodthirsty attitude, as Creon is revelling in Antigone’s fate. Contrastingly, Haemon would be wearing a simple black cotton robe, without any trimmings. This would show that he doesn’t care for superficial extravagance, and black is also a colour of mourning; this would symbolise Haemon’s feelings towards Antigone’s fate. In the opening of this scene, Creon greets Haemon pleasantly. I would direct Creon to grip Haemon’s right hand with both of his own hands, in a friendly, pleading handshake; this would show warmth for Haemon, which is what Creon wishes to express at this point. He would maintain eye contact and stand with legs shoulder-width apart He would speak in a soft tone, with a slow pace, medium pitch and a relatively low volume, again to give the impression of warmth. In the line ‘we are always comrades, and my love for you is unshaken’, I would direct the actor playing Creon to emphasise the words ‘always’ and ‘unshaken’, stressing these superlatives, in order to exaggerate the positive feelings, diplomatically Haemon’s response would be in kind, reciprocating the respect. He would accept the handshake, and keep eye contact. His vocal qualities would be as those of Haemon. He would say ‘I know I am your son, Father’, stressing the word ‘Father’ to show respect and also family love. During this exchange, they would both be very close physically, to show that they are, at this point, still emotionally close. The lighting would be a straw wash from above over the stage, of medium intensity: neutral. Creon would be next to a podium, centre-stage-left. Haemon would be centre stage, and the Chorus would be arranged in a semi-circle around them. During Creon’s following speech, I would want the audience to witness a change in Creon’s approach. The first noticeable change in attitude would be when he says ‘Don’t be taken in/ Boy. Don’t let any woman ensnare you. ‘ His tone would become harsher, and lower almost as if speaking in a whisper. He would also grasp Haemon on the word ‘Boy’, to show the audience that he wants to instil certain sexist values in Haemon, as it is a subject he feels passionately about. Furthermore, he would almost spit the work ‘woman’ and emphasise the word ‘ensnare’ to present acidity to the audience. He would say ‘Don’t be taken in, Boy’ without changing his tone or pace, simply increasing intensity, to show the audience how sincere he is. He would continue in this manner, speaking in harsh tones. The next change in Creon’s demeanour would come when he says ‘I will do it. And she must die’. Here, he would revert to speaking with authority, assertively. He would stress the modal verbs, ‘will’ and ‘must’ to show that he is completely fixed upon the idea, and is unwavering. This would show the audience his stubbornness. At this point, low-intensity, subtle red uplighting would have slowly faded in, to cast shadows upon Creon’s face to make him seem more imposing and venomous. It would be barely noticeable by the audience at this stage, as it would be slowly and subtly introduced. Creon would also step back and stand straight at this point, and pause after the line, to highlight its significance to the audience. He would have his hands calmly by his sides. Creon would continue to rant, his volume increasing, and the red uplighting becoming stronger, as the straw wash slowly faded and his hand gestures becoming increasingly evident and expansive. On the line ‘Anarchy, disobedience,’ he would be banging his fists on his podium in anger, to show the audience how passionately he feels about the subject. He would be nearly shouting at this point, and Haemon would recoil slightly, in fear and surprise at Creon’s outburst. Creon would next shift toward the end of his speech, and I would want my audience to see him bring back subtle persuasion, using the fact that he is Haemon’s father to his advantage: ‘Let it be by a man’s hand, eh son? / Not by a conspiracy of women! ‘. I would want him to go back to speaking in lower tones, almost at a stage-whisper level, as he wants to instil his own sexism, and apparent paranoia regarding women, into Haemon yet again. This repetition would show the audience just how sexist Creon is. I would therefore have the actor emphasise the words ‘man’ ‘son’, ‘conspiracy’ and ‘women’ to show this, and put one arm around Haemon. The red uplighting would also dim at this point, the straw wash becoming more prominent; this would visually represent the change in tone to the audience. Following the Chorus’ somewhat neutral response, Haemon would reply by at first speaking pleasantries: ‘It’s not for me to say you are wrong’ is quite self-deprecating and is complimentary to Creon. Haemon would therefore speak it in a soft tone, and would physically lower himself by bending knees and back slightly. His volume would be medium at this point, and he would make no hand gestures. The lighting would remain as a straw wash, all red gone at this point. Haemon would emphasise ‘me’ and ‘you’ to underline the fact he is making a direct comparison between himself and Creon. Haemon would change in approach right on the line ‘But I can sometimes hear people whisper’. The word ‘but’ here is a clear discursive marker in the text, indicating a change. Also, Haemon begins to discuss how ‘people’ see Antigone’s punishment as unjust. He would thus take a step back is if expecting an outburst from Creon, and emphasise words like ‘people’ and ‘whisper’ to show the audience that the character aims to dissociate himself from the views. He would become more pleading as the speech progresses, ‘let me beg you to have second thoughts’ and ‘I beg you Father’. This is again showing he accepts inferiority, but also makes clear to the audience that he is against his fathers actions. The metaphors regarding the failure of stubborn things would be spoken with a degree of accusation regarding Creon; Haemon would look at Creon when saying ‘inflexible’ and ‘refuses’ to indicate that there refer to Creon. At the end of the speech he says ‘Take good advice when it is offered. ‘ This is a direct question to Creon, and I would have Haemon on one knee, clasping Creon’s hand at this point, to show his desperation to the audience. In the ensuing stichomythia, I would instruct Creon to increase in volume, pace and raise his voice at the end of each sentence. Also, I would want him to spit phrases like ‘You’re a woman’s mouthpiece! ‘, whilst shaking his arms, palms clawed and facing up to show rage to the audience. Comparatively, I would instruct Haemon to remain calm, speaking in controlled tones and a steady volume throughout, making few hand gestures. Haemon would instead increase in cold contempt, by sharpening the sound of his vowels at the ends of sentences, and speaking in a low tone, and emphasising certain words. He would emphasise the word ‘demented’, but without raising the volume of his voice a great deal. Also, at the end, when Haemon says ‘†¦ this disgusting spectacle/ In company with a madman, are welcome to it’, I would want him to speak this calmly; without varying his pace. He would say this emphasising ‘disgusting spectacle’ and ‘madman’ by raising pitch and volume a little. This would show the audience that he feels contempt toward Creon, but is above just shouting. Creon, on the other hand, would be virtually screaming ‘Bring her out, the bitch’, emphasising the word ‘bitch’ by stressing the harsh vowel sound, and gesturing wildly towards the side entrance, as if indicating from where she should be brought. This would show the audience that Creon has lost his composure, and has lost control of his rage. The lighting would be red uplighting again on Creon only, to cast shadows across his face, whilst a blue gel, to mix with the straw wash, would be coming in from above. Overall, this should all contribute into presenting Haemon into an emotionally controlled, stable character, whereas Creon would appear as quite the opposite; unreasonable, stubborn and emotionally volatile. The objective would be to present the characters as such, to encourage the audience to sympathise with Haemon, even empathise with him; ideally, the audience too would feel frustrated and contemptuous towards Creon.

Purpose and History Essay

If they asked most people who committed the first crime they probably would say Eve giving the apple to Adam was the first crime. When you think about it though, the only crime she did was disobeying God. The first crime that was committed was by her son Kane when he killed Abel. This is why people commit crimes today. Since then developers have come up with a couple of different models for prison development. The first model is the Auburn system with the Pennsylvania model later following. With the rise of both models, the developers came up with prison labor that has been implemented in all of prisons today. When prisons first started, it was not intended for inmates. Prisons were designed for people who could not meet their financial obligation. It was also a place where they could hold people waiting to be tried in court as well as convicts waiting to be sentenced. Later prison became a place where they could hold convicted criminals as they tried to reform them back into society. According to â€Å"History and Development of Prisons† (2012), the main emphasis of prison was strict discipline and hard labor. The â€Å"History and Development of Prisons† (2012) also believed that the unsanitary conditions and lack of welfare for inmates spread throughout the nation as they came up with some different models for prisons. The earliest model that was put into place for a prison was the Auburn model. The Auburn model was developed in 1816. This model was designed so that inmates could live and eat with each other. The drawback to this model was that an inmate would get in major trouble if they were caught interacting. This model became the model prison for multiple state prisons around the US. Sing Sing is one of the famous prisons known for using this model. Over 10 years later they built a prison in Pennsylvania, and they used a solitary model for this design. The solitary model was designed so an inmate could stay in their cell and not even see other inmates. In 1829 the developers came up with another model for prisons. This model was the Pennsylvania model. This model was a little similar to later Auburn model to fact that they used to solitary model design. In this model inmates were not allowed to see face to face. With the Pennsylvania model came with what is the Victorian era. In the Victorian era the main emphasis for this was hard labor. Not labor as far as working in the fields, but physical training. This era actually believed in making there inmates suffer physically. In this era they wanted to make prison as hard as it possibly could. The cells in this era were designed so inmates could get to and from work without even seeing fellow inmates. This era was also notorious for bringing in scientist to determine the smallest amount of food that an inmate possibly could eat and still survive. Then they had other scientist who would take this food and develop ways to make this food feel, smell, and taste foul. Some inmates would die from malnutrition because they just could not take it. Labor in prisons is really starting to rise. Corporations are saving millions of dollars in money where they usually would have to hire workers to do, is being done by inmates. There is an organization in Florida called PRIDE (Prison Rehabilitative Industries and Diversified Enterprises) where inmates are processing different meats like pork, chicken, and beef. The meats that they are being process are served in the local schools in that area. Down in West Texas they have what is known as a mattress factory where inmates are assembling mattresses to be disbursed throughout all the Texas prisons. Prison systems are finding ways to get cheap labor out of inmates while they are inside the system. On the other hand some of the labor done in prisons is just pointless. In Louisiana they have â€Å"chain gangs† and in Texas they have the â€Å"ho squad.† Both these crews will go out to an unknown location and just do pointless labor. In conclusion it is no secret who committed the first crime. With this crime being committed, it made developers want to come up with a few ways to mold different styles of prisons. Each model was designed so that an inmate would never want to go there again. Each model developed came with a job that had to be done as well. Reference Page Elk, M. (2011). The Hidden History of ALEC and Prison Labor. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com University Of Phoenix. (2007). THE FIRST PENITENTIARIES: ENGLAND AND NORTH AMERICA . Retrieved from University Of Phoenix, CJA/234 website.

An Image of Africa by Chinua Achebe

An Image of Africa by Chinua Achebe Free Online Research Papers In his essay, â€Å"An Image of Africa†, Chinua Achebe, famous Nigerian novelist and author of Things Fall Apart, gives a respectable argument critical of certain aspects in Joseph Conrad’s novel, Heart of Darkness. Through the isolation and destructive over-analysis of single sentences and sections, Achebe clearly and effectively asserts his prospect of Conrad as a racist. However, in choosing from the many themes of which to concentrate, Achebe seems particularly attached to the subject of African mores. The negligence of the remaining themes in the text allows for Achebe’s personal gaffe in the interpretation of Conrad’s piece. â€Å"Herein lies the meaning of Heart of Darkness and the fascination it holds over the Western mind: ‘What thrilled you was just the thought of their humanity - like yours- the thought of your remote kinship with this wild and passionate uproar. Ugly’† (Achebe 5). This excerpt from Achebe’s essay shows his focus on only the words of Conrad’s description of the Africans and their culture as having a negative connotation. If the description is dug more deeply into though, it can just as easily be deciphered as Conrad promoting himself and his humanity as equivalent to that of the Africans. Achebe argues against Conrad in his saying that Africa is â€Å"the other world† and the â€Å"antithesis of Europe†. But, then he cuts his own feet out from under himself: â€Å"It is not the differences that worries Conrad but the lurking hint of kinship, of common ancestry,† (Achebe 3). Again, Achebe twists, like a young child trying to tie shoelaces, the true intent of Conrad’s carefully chosen words. Conrad is merely showing the differences between Europeans and Africans and connecting them in alikeness. Throughout the entirety of the essay, Chinua Achebe uses similar portions of Heart of Darkness to brand Conrad as a racist. Conrad’s work, nonetheless, offers many means of retaliation through several examples where the narrator expresses disapproval of the dehumanization of Africans, such as the instance that Marlow offers the enslaved Native a biscuit while sympathizing his poor conditions. Achebe makes valid points that could lead one to believe that Conrad was indeed disregarding the humanity of Africans. Conrad allows for this several times like when Marlow questions himself in thinking of the Africans as being â€Å"inhuman† and when he pints the deterioration of Kurtz as being a resultant of being within the African environment. But, Joseph Conrad’s detailed and adjective-filled depictions of the Natives counter-attack this idea. â€Å"She was savage and superb, wild-eyed and magnificent†¦ She stood looking at us without a stir and like the wilderness itself, with an air of brooding over an inscrutable purpose,† (Conrad Part 3, Page 5). Throughout Heart of Darkness Conrad mirrors the humanity, ideas, and behaviors of Africa and Europe. In one instance Marlow refers to Africans as â€Å"hollow men†, but when he goes back to Europe, he describes the denizens as â€Å"ignorant, sheep like people in the streets†. Achebe cleverly selects from Conrad’s piece to explicitly fight a legitimate case, but Joseph Conrad is simply too brilliant in his paralleling Europe and Africa. The congruence of the inhabitants and their ways within the two diverse environments are brought forth clearly in comparison in Conrad’s mirror. Conrad’s pessimistic portrayals may be an easy target for Achebe’s allegation; however, Conrad logically illustrates the influence of culture, significance of the age of colonialism, and equivalence among human beings. Achebe, Chinua. An Image of Africa. Research in African Literatures, Vol. 9, No. 1, Special Issue on Literary Criticism. Indiana University Press, Spring 1978. 1-15. Conrad, Joesph. Heart of Darkness. New York: Konemann, 1999. Research Papers on â€Å"An Image of Africa† by Chinua AchebeBringing Democracy to AfricaHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementMind TravelAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

Discover Study Habits That Support Your Learning Style

Discover Study Habits That Support Your Learning Style All students learn through a combination of seeing, hearing, and experiencing. However, for most students, one learning style stands out. Research has shown that students who study in a way that supports their learning style can perform better on tests and  improve their grades. For example, visual learners sometimes struggle during essay exams because they cant recall test material that was presented orally during class. However, if the visual learner uses a visual aid when studying, like a colorful outline of test materials, he or she may retain more information. Read on to discover the characteristics of and ideal learning strategies for each learning style. Visual Learner Characteristics Visual learners are those who learn through seeing. Visual learners typically share the following characteristics: Good at spelling, but forgets first namesFind quiet study time beneficialEnjoy colors and fashionDream in colorUnderstand visual elements and chartsAble to learn sign language easily Learning Suggestions for Visual Learners Draw a map of events in history or draw scientific process.Make outlines of reading assignments.Copy whats on the board.Diagram sentences.Use flashcards.Take notes and make lists.Watch videos.Mark up your notes with highlighters, underlines, and color coding. Test Types for Visual Learners Best test type: Diagram activities, map reading, essay tests, demonstrating a process.Worst test type: Listening tests Auditory Learner Characteristics Auditory learners are those who learn best through hearing. They typically share the following characteristics: Like to read out loudUnafraid to speak up in classGood at giving explanations and oral reportsRemember namesNotice sound effects in moviesEnjoy musicAble to follow spoken directionsStruggle to stay quiet for long periods of timeFocused in study groups Learning Suggestions for Auditory Learners Use word association to remember factsRecord lecturesWatch videosRepeat facts with eyes closedParticipate in group discussionsUse audio for language practiceRead your notes out loud after writing them Test Types for Auditory Learners Best test type: Oral exams and writing responses to lectures.Worst test type: Reading passages and writing answers in a timed test. Kinesthetic Learner Characteristics Kinesthetic learners are those who learn through hands-on experience. Kinesthetic learners typically share the following characteristics: Good at sportsCant sit still for longMay have sloppy handwriting.Learn well through lab and modeling activitiesStudy with loud musicEnjoy adventure books and moviesFidgety during lectures Learning Suggestions for Kinesthetic Learners Study in short blocksTake lab-based classesAct out your study notesTake field trips to reinforce knowledgeStudy in groupsUse flashcards and memory games Test Types for Auditory Learners Best test type: Short definitions, fill-in-the-blank questions, and multiple choice.Worst test type: Essay tests and any overly long tests.