Essays --

Statement of Purpose Four years of undergraduate study in the field of Electronics and Communications and a strong predilection towards research have made the choice of further study an obvious one for me. My ultimate objective is to pursue a career in research, either in industry or in academia. I strongly believe that a Master’s Degree in Electrical Engineering from your esteemed University will act as a crucial first step in the process of realizing my career objectives. I have always cherished a dream to become an Engineer, a dream that was innate and developed slowly over the years. Right from my school days I found myself fascinated by the intricacies of mathematics and physics, which spun their web of aura around me, a web that I sought to unravel in countless problem solving sessions I have always felt a strong need for achievement, which has been the motivating force behind whatever I have achieved in my academic career. Electrical department staff in my college gave the strong support to my feeling saying that I can achieve anything. We being the Electrical Engineering students can make the world and we can move the world. During my under graduate course study, I was exposed to a plethora of diverse subjects in Mathematics, Pure Sciences, Engineering and computer besides the intensive lab works in related subjects. During my freshman a series of courses in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry reintroduced me into these subjects, but now with an Engineering bent courses like Tele Communicaton Switching System, Embedded Sytems,Vlsi Design laid in me the strong fundamentals and problem solving techniques. Further courses like Digital Signal Processing, Control Systems, Communication Systems exposed me to ne... ...aracteristic of the American culture. It would also help me to learn global standards in this field and become aware of the worldwide competition, which I consider would be a great help for me to make a strong contribution in the field of Electrical Engineering. Your university with its unique graduate program in Electrical Engineering and with its commitment to foster intellectual excellence is remarkable and attractive to embark upon an academic career. I look forward to a challenging career in research which may even be arduous and demanding at times but I am confident that with my sincerity and dedication, I will be able to make a meaningful contribution to the ongoing research developments and live up to the high standards of your university. Given an opportunity, I shall strive to channel my unbridled efforts into more productive avenues.

Different forms of child abuse Essay

Child abuse is a common term for four types of child maltreatment: sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional or psychological abuse, and neglect. Children are usually victims of more than one type of abuse. They could be both sexually and emotionally abused or they could also be physically abused and neglected. In some severe cases, children may suffer from more than two forms of abuse. Child abuse was once viewed as a minor social problem that only affected a handful of U.S. children. In recent years the media and law enforcement has paid close attention to the issue. More than 1,000 children died from abuse in 1996, in the U.S. (1). Approximately 231 children are abused each day. That is 10 children every hour, and one child every six minutes. Each day in the United States, more than three children die as a result of child abuse, in the home. More children, age four and younger, die from child abuse and neglect than any other single, leading cause of death for infants and young children (1). The abusers can be family members, parents, caretakers such as babysitters and teachers, and strangers. Abuse occurs among all ethnic, social, and income groups. Most parents don’t hurt or neglect their children intentionally. Many were themselves abused or neglected. Usually the cases that are reported involve poor families with little education. Also common in reports are young mothers, single-parent families, and parental drug or alcohol abuse. The frequency of child abuse is difficult to estimate, due to so many cases going unreported. There are signs, symptoms, and causes to all four types of child abuse. When you have a concern for a child’s well-being, the signs or symptoms may help guide you in the process of reporting. Although, these signs, mentioned later, don’t necessarily indicate that a child is being abused. A professional, who would be able to determine the abuse, should investigate the possibility. Determining the exact cause of child abuse is almost impossible. In general,  the factors that influence whether abuse will happen is grouped into two categories- internal and external. Lack of social support, economic hardship, and chemical dependency are a few external factors. Some internal factors are: biological, emotional, and psychological. Some factors are as common as low intelligence and range to, as rare as, a severe personality disorder such as Schizophrenia. Isolation is a factor contributing to abuse. When families have difficulties, perhaps from unemployment or other social problems, they may respond in a number of ways. The families that respond by isolating themselves, by withdrawing themselves from neighbors and friends, are the most likely to be abusive. Charles F. Johnson defines sexual abuse as † any activity with a child, before the age of legal consent, that is for the sexual gratification of an adult or a significantly older child.† Sexual abuse involves fondling, penetration, persuading a child to expose his or her sexual organs, and allowing a child to view pornography. In most of the reported cases the child knew the abuser, and one in five of the abusers were under age themselves. 12% of the confirmed cases reported in 1996 involved sexual abuse. An estimated 10-15% of males and 20-25% of females reported they were sexually abused by age 18 (2). Most sexually abused children never come to the attention of the authorities. There may be no physical signs of harm, but there is always the intense shame, and secrecy is often maintained, even by the adults who know of the abuse, for fear of destroying a family. There is evidence emerging that as many as one in three incidents of child sexual abuse are not remembered by adults who experience them, and that the younger the child was at the time of the abuse, and the closer the relationship to the abuser, the more likely one is not to remember, claims Linda Williams. Convicted rape and sexual assault offenders serving time in State prisons  report that two-thirds of their victims were under the age 18, and 58% of those (nearly 4 in 10 imprisoned violent sex offenders) said their victims were aged 12 or younger. In 90% of the rapes of children less than 12 years old, the child knew the offender. Sixty percent took place in the victim’s home or at the home of a friend, neighbor, or relative. Two-thirds of sex offenders in state prisons victimized a child. For offenders imprisoned for violent crimes against victims younger than 18 (1994), 15% were convicted of forcible rape, 57% were convicted of other types of sexual assault (lewd acts of forcible sodomy, statutory rape, etc.), about thirty percent reported attacks on more than one child, and more than half the victims were younger than 12. Out of 277 inmate interviews of all prisoners convicted of rape or sexual assault, two-thirds victimized children. Three out of four child victims were female, prisoners convicted of attacking children were mostly male, 97%, and about 22% of the child sex offenders reported having been sexually abused themselves during childhood. Half of the women raped were younger than 18 and 20% were victimized by their father (3). Children often fail to report because of the fear that disclosure will bring consequences even worse than being victimized again. The victim may fear consequences from the family or feel guilty for consequences to the perpetrator. Victims may also have a feeling that â€Å"something is wrong with me,† and that the abused is their fault. The impact of child sexual abuse is tremendous. It is estimated that there are 60 million survivors of childhood sexual abuse in America, today. Approximately 31% of women in prison state they have been abused as children and about 95% of teenage prostitutes have been sexually abused. Young girls who are forced to have sex are three times more likely to develop psychiatric disorders or abuse alcohol and drugs in adulthood, than girls who are not sexually abused (4). There are two different types of indicators of sexual abuse, physical indicators and behavioral indicators. Some of the physical indicators are: 1)Torn, stained or bloody underclothes. 2)Frequent, unexplained sore throats, yeast or urinary infections. 3) Bruises or bleeding from external genitalia, vagina, or anal region. 4) Sexual transmitted disease. 5) Pregnancy. Some of the behavioral indicators are: 1)The victim’s disclosure of sexual abuse. 2)Disturbed sleeping pattern. 3)Difficulty in walking or sitting. 4)Avoidance of undressing or wearing extra layers of clothes. 5)Sudden decline in school performance. The two prerequisites for this form of maltreatment include sexual arousal to children and the willingness to act on this arousal. Factors that may contribute to the willingness include alcohol or drug abuse, poor impulse control, and a belief that the sexual behaviors are acceptable and not harmful to the child. The chances of abuse are higher if the child is developmentally handicapped or vulnerable in some other way. Often there is no physical evidence of sexual abuse for a doctor to find. In fact, physical examinations of children in cases suspected sexual abuse supply grounds for further suspicion only 15-20% of the time (4). Physical abuse is the nonaccidental infliction of physical injury to a child, such as cut, bruises, welts, and broken bones. The abuser is usually a family member or other caretaker, and is more likely to be male. In 1996,  24% of the confirmed cases of U.S. child abuse involved physical abuse (4). A rare form of physical abuse is Munchausen syndrome by proxy, in which a caretaker, most often the mother, seeks attention by making the child sick or appear to be sick. Skulls and other bone fractures are often seen in young abused children, and in fact head injuries are the leading cause of death in abused children. A few physical indicators of physical abuse are: 1)Unexplained welts or bruises on the face, upper arms, throat, thighs or lower back in unusual patterns or shapes which suggest use of an instrument (electric cord, belt buckle) on an infant in various stages of healing that are seen after absences, weekends, or vacations. 2)Rope burns. 3)Bald patches. 4)Refusal to undress for gym. Some of the behavioral indicators of physical abuse are: 1)Behavioral extremes- withdrawal, aggression, depression. 2)Unbelievable or inconsistent explanation for the injury. 3)Fear of physical contact-shrinking back if touched. 4)Fear of medical help or examination. The usual physical abuse scenario involves a parent who loses control and lashes out at a child. The trigger could be a dirty diaper or crying. Unlike nonabusive parent, who may become upset or angry with their children from  time to time but are genuinely loving, abusive parents tend to harbor deep-rooted negative feelings toward their children. Emotional abuse, also known as psychological abuse, according to Richard D. Krugman, â€Å"has been defined as the rejection, ignoring, criticizing, isolation, or terrorizing or children, all of which have the effect of eroding their self-esteem†. Emotional abuse usually expresses itself in verbal attacks involving rejection, belittlement, humiliation, and so forth. Emotional abuse also includes bizarre forms of punishment, such as confinement of a child in a dark closet. Often psychological abuse accompanies other types of abuse and is difficult to prove. It is rarely reported and accounted for only 6% of the confirmed 1996 cases (3). A few physical indicators of emotional abuse are: 1)Eating disorders- obesity or anorexia. 2)Nervous disorders- rashes, facial tics, hives, etc. 3)Speech disorders- stuttering, stammering, etc. 4)Flat or bald spots on head (infants). A few behavioral indicators of psychological abuse are: 1)Age inappropriate behaviors- bedwetting, soiling, etc. 2)Habit disorders- biting, rocking, etc. 3)Cruel behavior- seeming to get pleasure from hurting another child, adult, or animal. 4)Overreaction to mistakes. Emotional abuse can happen in many different settings: at school, at home, on sports teams, and so on. The forth and final forms of child abuse is neglect. Neglect is the failure to satisfy a child’s basic needs and can assume many forms. Emotional neglect is the failure to satisfy a child’s normal emotional needs or behavior that damages a child’s normal psychological and emotional development, physical neglect is the failure to provide adequate food, shelter, clothing, or supervision, and educational neglect includes the allowance of chronic truancy, failure to enroll a child of mandatory school age in school, and failure to attend to a special educational need. Failing to see that a child receives proper schooling or medical care is also considered neglect. In 1996, neglect was confirmed in over half of the abuse cases (3). Some physical indicators of neglect include: 1)Poor hygiene- lice, diaper rash, body odor, etc. 2)Lack of immunizations. 3)Untreated injury or illness. 4)Poor state of clothing. A few behavioral indicators of neglect include: 1)Chronic hunger or tiredness. 2)Assuming adult responsibilities. 3)Unusual school attendance. 4)No social relationships. Many cases of neglect occur because the parent experiences strong negative feelings toward the child. At other times, the parent may truly care for the child, but lack the ability to adequately provide for the child’s needs due to being handicapped by drug abuse, depression, mental retardation, or other problems. As a result, their physical, emotional, social, and mental development is hindered. Young children remain at high risk for loss of life. Between 1995 and 1997, 78% of these children were less than five years of age at the time of their death, while 38% were under one year of age. As for cause of death, 44% of deaths resulted from neglect, 51% from physical abuse, and 5% from a combination of neglectful and physically abusive parenting. Approximately 41% of these deaths occurred to children known to child protective service agencies as current or prior clients (5). Abuse investigators are often a group effort involving medical personnel, police officers, social workers, and others. Careful questioning of the parents is crucial, as is interviewing the child. The investigators must ensure, however, that their questioning does not further traumatize the child. A physical examination for signs of abuse or neglect is, always necessary, and may also include blood tests, x-rays, and other procedures. If the child has sisters or brothers, the authorities must determine whether they have been abused as well. Signs of physical abuse are discovered in about 20% of the sisters and brothers of abused children (4). Child abuse can have lifelong consequences. Research shows that abused children and adolescents are more likely, for instance, suffer emotional problems, do poorly in school, abuse drugs and alcohol, and attempt suicide. As adults they have often have trouble establishing intimate relationships. Notification of the appropriate authorities, treatment of the child’s  injuries, and protecting the child from further harm are the immediate priorities in child abuse! Sources All Figures Based Upon The Following: 1.A Nation’s Shame: Fatal Child Abuse and Neglect in the United States. 2.Child Maltreatment 1998: Reports from the States to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. 3.http://www.prevent-abuse-now.com/stats.htm 4.http://www.prevent-abuse-now.com/stats2.htm 5.Wang, C.T. & Daro, D. (1998). Current Trends in Child Abuse Reporting and Fatalities: The results of the 1997 Annual Fifty State Survey.

Genre Conventions Essay

How genre conventions are used to raise audience expectations in horror movie trailers. ‘The word genre means ‘type’ or ‘category’’ (Teach yourself film studies) it is really important as an audience member to recognise genres as then things become categorised and easier for them to understand which is more comforting. Sometimes however genres are crossed and categories are broken for example sometimes we have ‘action thrillers’ or ‘sci-fi horrors’ this is known as a hybrid genre. This often intrigues the audience and draws them to the film as it changes their outlook as they have no expectations for the film as they have never been exposed to this genre before. The horror genre was created to frighten/disturb an audience. Cherry (2009) reinforces this theory ‘The function of horror – to scare, shock, revolt or otherwise horrify the viewer’. These are the main conventions of a horror movie often portrayed using fast cuts, heart racing music, flashing images, unknown creatures and darkened places. ‘Horror is an ancient art form’ (www. horrorfilmhistory. com) which is still popular today because of the emotions it evokes, the audience feel comfortable with the horror genre as the generic conventions have not changed drastically over the years, the audience knows what to expect. The iconic symbols of horror such as haunted houses, unknown creatures, darkened places and flashing images are still used in all modern horror movies, although the genre evolves to fit around the era and to appeal to that audience. ‘Genres are not static, they evolve their common attributes change over time’ (Teach yourself film studies), this is because genres need to become more current for example what disturbed/terrified audiences 10 years ago may not effect audiences today. Today most audiences are terrified by the paranormal and ghostly experiences, the trailers for ‘Paranormal Activity’, ‘Insidious’ and ‘Don’t be Afraid of the Dark’ are all based around this theme but use different generic conventions to portray their theme. Paranormal Activity was released in 2007 and is an independent film costing only $11,000 to produce, the trailer proved uncomfortable to audiences as the generic conventions were broken. The trailer was not the usual blockbuster horror that audiences expect to see, it was shot in an average home with a home camera, the camera angles are shaky and unprofessional and the actors are unknown which gives the feel that these are real events. Also the trailer not only shows clips of the movie but the audience reaction to what they are witnessing. This keeps the audience interested in the genre as they are not used to seeing an audience reaction – they are intrigued as to why the audience are so frightened; therefore want to see the film. ‘We derive basic thrills from triggering the rush of adrenalin which fear brings’ (www. horrorfilmhistory. com). Paranormal Activity reinforces this theory as it became a huge hit world-wide although it was such a low budget independent film. Paranormal Activity focuses on a young couple moving into a new home which is supposed to be an exciting time and people can relate to this as everyone has moved house at some point, the fact that the film is based in a normal household immediately alarms the audience. The sounds used in the trailer for Paranormal Activity are very effective as you can hear lots of screaming and fear but it is not in the film its self, it’s the audience that we’re first shown this film. Insidious was released in 2010 and was created by the same director as Paranormal Activity (James Wan) this draws in an audience immediately as people who are familiar with the directors work are immediately drawn to the film. Like Paranormal Activity, Insidious is also an independent film however the budget for this film was a lot higher at $1,500,000. The look the production company gave to this film is also a lot more professional as there are no home cameras and shaky camera angles. However this film does still use unknown actors, since doing my research I have noticed that the majority of horror films use unknown actors to make their film feel more realistic. Insidious is also based around the paranormal theme which shows that audiences in this era are frightened by the paranormal ghostly experience this must be working as insidious took in a gross of ‘$53,991,137’ (http://www. imdb. com/title/tt1591095/). Also Insidious uses children and a family in a ‘normal’ home this immediately effects the audience as they can relate it to their own lives. The horror genre has become more realistic like this as instead of using zombies, vampires and made up creatures the genre has become more based around real life and what could actually happen as it affects the audience in a more psychological way. Also using children in the trailer will immediately effect parents as they start to imagine what they would do if that was their child and how it would affect them which straight away frightens them and evokes unwanted emotions/thoughts ‘I can speak for all parents when I say the loss of a child has to be pretty much the worst thing that could ever happen to them’ (http://www.horror-movies. ca/horror_13935. html) I have also looked at the film trailer for â€Å"Don’t be Afraid of the Dark† which was released in 2011. This film is from a different director to Paranormal Activity and Insidious however it follows a similar plot and has the paranormal ghostly edge. The budget for this film was much higher than both Paranormal Activity and Insidious at $25,000,000 the trailer is very stereotypical and uses the typical conventions of a horror trailer as it consists of multiple flashing images, heart racing music, darkness and unknown creatures. The sound used in a trailer is very important as fast paced non-diegetic music is usually played throughout the trailer which subconsciously makes the audience feel on edge and worried, also the diegetic sounds used such as loud bangs, creaky floorboards and screams make the audience jump. Putting both of these non-diegetic and diegetic sounds together creates tension and an uncomfortable atmosphere. Don’t be Afraid of the Dark also uses a small child within the film; this is quite controversial and usually makes older members of the audience feel uncomfortable as they imagine it as their own child. Also using a small child shows an extreme amount of vulnerability as small children cannot fend for themselves and they are not as strong as an adult. ‘How does the speed of what we see compare to watching a clip from a film? ’ (Teaching trailers) the speed of what we see in the trailer gives the audience a taste of what to expect in the film. The trailer starts of slowly to attract the audience’s attention and get them interested in what they are watching, then the speed builds up to alarm the audience and frighten them once this has happened the trailers slows back down to an average speed to give the audience time to react and think about what they just witnessed. When comparing the three trailers together they are all very similar as they are all based around a paranormal scenario and they all evoke the ‘scared/frightened’ emotion to an audience. Also two of the trailers use children which takes away the innocence of a stereotypical child and makes the audience feel uncomfortable as the ordinary has been changed. Paranormal activity breaks the boundaries of the horror genre the most by showing the audience reactions within the trailer as this had never been done before which attracted a wide audience and made a lot of money. It also got a lot more publicity and became an extremely famous well known film purely because it took the audiences expectation of a horror film and changed it. However Insidious and Don’t be Afraid of the Dark are very stereotypical horror films using obvious frightening objects in their trailers which have been used throughout the history of the horror genre. The set-up of these trailers is also very stereotypical and expected because of the fast paced heart racing sounds and the fast paced flashing images. I also think it is important that all of the actors in these films are unknown ‘why are we told who is starring in the film? ’ (Teaching trailers) this is because well-known actors with a huge fan base attracts audiences to a film, however with the horror genre this does not work as audiences cannot get a realistic feel as they are familiar with the actor and their work. This is why I think all of the films work well as none of the actors are very well known. To conclude I think that genre is used in all of these trailers to raise the audience’s expectations but in very different experimental ways and this is successful, the ‘horror’ genre is visible throughout all of the trailers and they have all attracted a wide audience using some different experimental or stereotypical expected techniques. Bibliography Cherry, Brigid. (2009) Horror. Oxon: Routledge. Wilson, Karina. (2001-2011) Horror Film History. Available from: www. horrorfilmhistory. com (Accessed: 26th October 2011) http://www. imdb. com/title/tt1591095/ (2011) (Accessed: 26th October 2011) http://www. horror-movies. ca/horror_13935. html (2011) (Accessed: 26th October 2011) Title: Teach yourself film studies Title: Teaching trailers.

How High School Sports Have Impacted My Life Essay

Participating in high school sports has been a positive and rewarding experience. There are so many benefits to being involved in sports. I have played baseball, basketball and golf and each one of these sports has taught me something about life, the world and myself in general. For example, when I played baseball, I learned the importance of teamwork. Baseball is a team sport and team members must learn to work together and support each other. Although I only played pitcher, I was part of the team and it felt good to belong. I was committed to doing my best and making my team proud. Basketball has been an equally rewarding sport. I was the captain of my basketball team and this experience helped me to develop my leadership skills. As the team captain I had to set a good example for the team members. It was important for me to maintain a positive attitude and try to keep the team motivated. I had to do my best so that the team members would also try their best. The leadership skills that I develop from being the captain of my basketball team will help me in my future career. I learned how to be responsible and how to make decisions and theses skills will always be useful. In addition, I also played golf. Although golf is not a team sport, it is beneficial to everyone who plays. Golf taught me to be able to focus for long periods of time. Golf also requires a lot of practice, so I had to be diligent with practice, and I became a more patient person because of golf. Golf is more than just a sport. It helps to improve thinking skills and the ability to plan. When playing golf I had to think carefully and be able to concentrate with people watching me. I had to make sure that I did not get distracted. Even though golf is a competition, many times I felt like I was only competing with myself. I mean, I just though about what I was trying to accomplish instead of worrying about what the other players were doing. The game of golf is like real life because we have to think about what we want as individuals and learn to focus on our lives. Sports have impacted my life in many positive ways. I learned self-discipline and the importance of making an effort. This has also helped me with my studies. I am an honor student and sports contributed to my ability to discipline myself and stay focused when studying. Sports have also helped me to stay in shape and exercise regularly. For all of these reasons I feel so lucky to have the opportunity to participate in sports.

SAP's Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

SAP's Plan - Essay Example The software of this company was written in Walldorf, they took several months to develop, and their installation would require a team of experts. The coming of the internet brought turbulence to the SAP business. Internet brought completion in the software market. Other companies were producing software that were easy to install and were relatively cheaper than those of SAP. The management of SAP was suspicious of the internet business. However, they decided to experiment on it by creating of subsidiaries dealing exclusively with internet. The move by management to give internet a trial was a prudent one. Creation of subsidiaries was also a safety precaution that the outcome of internet business would not have an effect on the core operations of the company. In addition, the company made acquisitions. One of the acquisition companies head was Mr. Agassi who was a founder of four companies by the age of twenty-four. The management of SAP is in the hands of Mr. Kagermann and Mr. Plattner as co-chief executives. In the making of decisions concerning the operation of the organization, one does not see consultative meeting between them. Mr. Plattner argues with Mr. Agassi in their first meeting. As a result, he challenges him by giving him difficult assignment. Further, he places Mr. Agassi in charge of hundreds of staff and web units. The decisions by this executive seem to be authoritative. The mode of communication is top to a bottom. Mr. Agassi becomes a success in his responsibility. The executive decides that it is time to let go of their conservatism and drive the organization into trending business strategies. This is a major decision. Proper implementation of this decision would make the organization profitable and competitive in the global market. The executive needs to offer leadership which can be done through communication and involving all stakeholders. The management puts Mr. Agassi in charge of taking the organization

Reflection Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reflection - Term Paper Example In his job, he does the direct service provision, but most of the time, he supervises people who do direct service. The health center provides health care services, where there is a comprehensive primary care service. The interviewee himself works with the segment that looks at the social health care determinants and help patients overcome such challenges of social health care determinants to be able to access healthcare. He works with the youth to solve two problems, one of them is the history of incarceration and connecting people to health care. He is also charged with the duty of overseeing health screening of people in the community and taking then to the health center to receive healthcare. The center deals mostly with the young people, most of whom are of pre-adolescent and adults of between ages 12-24-year-old. The interviewee is in-charge of four different programs that he oversee their provision to this population. The organization started in 1972 that resulted from a movement in the late 60s about creating a big community center. In those days, Worcester was an isolated part of the city that was far from the city. Therefore, it forced people who were sick to take a bus to the hospital. Then the doctors and professors a nearby college organized and created the center. Initially, it was named after a housing project in the area, Great Brook Valley Health Center, but now it is called the Hadron-M-Kennedy Community Health center. The organization has federal state and local funding. People who have health insurance also pay through the insurance. The interviewee specifically works with the foundation that is funded by the state of private funding. The services that the interviewee oversee does not generate any income, so it is fully funded. However, the health center services that the facility provides, charge at least something for the services. First challenge is working with stigmatized people to identify their health care problem

Middle Eastern Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Middle Eastern Humanities - Essay Example The dancer’s primary task is to embody the different musical rhythms for the people hearing the music (audience). Most Middle Eastern music has an effect known as a â€Å"call and response†. This creates a musical conversation and happens when one instrument plays a certain phrase and one another instruments responds to the lead instrument phrase. This however, changes through the composition and the supporting instruments may at times play the leading phrases. Middle Eastern music is played in scales that are commonly referred to as â€Å"Maqamat†. The main idea of the maqam is that it helps the musician to know the right intervals between scales. It also helps the musician to know the notes that he/she needs to emphasize. Research has shown that about 84% of the population from Middle East listens to music at least once a day (Justice 76). Music plays an important role in entertainment in the Middle East. People listen to music as a form of passing time and entertaining themselves. Middle Eastern music is also educative. Musicians use music as a tool to make the society a better place and also educate people. Sometimes musicians go to the extent of using their personal experiences to educate people. Music is also a source of inspiration. Some types of music encourage people not to give up when they face challenges in life. Music also helps to make work easier or more pleasant. Lastly music is also used for spiritual nourishment. Sacred songs play a role in impressing spiritual truth among people in the Middle